The study of Gregor Mendel in 18th century paved the way for the development of Genetics. Avery and team supported them well. Morgan unveiled the residence of gene, the chromosome later. In 19th century the structural elucidation of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick put an end to the myths of hereditary materials. In recent years, scientists started working with genetic diseases and disorders, based on the information obtained from Human Genome Project. Currently, the higher education institutions in India and other countries were also offering genetics as academic and research courses. The content of this book provides basic information about the genetics, genetic disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, Recombinant DNA technology and importance of human genome project. This book incorporates with multiple choice questions with answers, which are most frequently asked in competitive exams.