The music-making process of elementary music-making is seen as an artistic process, regardless of who takes part. All participants can use their individual skills and experience to create outstanding moments of music-making 'unconditionally', i.e. without prior 'music learning'. Elementary music-making therefore serves neither as preparation for subsequent 'real' music-making nor is it restricted to children, but has its own value as a form of music-making and is possible for people of all ages. This book describes the reality of elementary music-making as it has been developed and practised at the University of Music in Vienna for over two decades. It provides a wealth of suggestions for focussing all music lessons on 'real' elementary music-making processes. For teachers of elementary music education, it also offers useful argumentation aids when it comes to explaining what elementary music-making is all about. The book outlines a comprehensive concept of elementary music-making as a musical-artistic practice in elementary music education.