The study involves both doctrinal as well as Non-Doctrinal method of the subject of Criminal liability under Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 -Practice and Procedure. The analysis is an assiduous effort to describe and explain the topic of Criminal liability and allied issues. The author aims to explore the conditions, circumstances and impediments that appear and come in the way of actual enforcement of Criminal liability contemplated by and incorporate under Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 for failure of drawer to discharge the liability under the instrument despite the service of demand notice by him. The broad objective of the study is to analyze and investigate into the pros and cons of various aspects and steps relating to the procedure and practice involving the enforcement of Criminal liability contemplated under Chapter XVII incorporated by Banking, Public Finance institutions and Negotiable Instruments(amendment) Act, 1988.