Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the development and multiplication in humans of hematozoa of the genus Plasmodium. It remains the main cause of blood transfusion and mortality in children under 5 years old in Africa.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among malaria patients under 5 years old admitted to the Pediatric Department of the General Referral Hospital of Bandundu city during the period from January to December 2018.The results approved the frequency of malaria anemia in malaria patients under 5 years old in the general hospital of reference of Bandundu was 65% and children whose age oscillated between 7 to 59 months were the most concerned.This survey allowed us to elucidate the epidemiological aspects of malaria anemia in malaria-affected children in Bandundu City, Kwilu Province and the Democratic Republic of Congo.