This textbook serves as an introduction to the fundamental chemistry principles that guide the synthesis and dictate the properties of nanomaterials. Key chemistry and engineering concepts are looked at through the lens of important and well-characterized nanomaterials, including quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and noble metal nanocrystals. The book provides a focused, detailed look into the chemical bonding and structure of the most important, selected nanomaterials. Special emphasis is placed on how a nanomaterial's properties are derived from chemical bonding at the atomic and molecular level. Thereby the textbook provides the reader with a clear understanding of how the chemical and physical properties of a material change within a continuum of length scales: from atoms and molecules to nanostructures, surfaces, and finally, bulk solids.