The issues of early diagnosis and optimal, pathogenetically based drug therapy of infectious brain lesions occupy an important place in the practical activities of a number of specialists, such as neurologists, pediatricians, infectious diseases specialists and others. The problem of neuroinfections in children is of particular relevance due to its high specific weight in the structure of neurological diseases. As a result of a diffuse inflammatory process of the brain substance there are rough neurological complications, there is a delay in the rate of development of functional brain systems that provide such higher brain functions as memory, attention, thinking and other types of higher mental activity. Cognitive processes underlie the mastery of school skills: reading, writing, counting and others. Violation of higher brain functions leads to a decrease in learning motivation, deformation of interpersonal relationships, and later social and labor maladaptation.