Rich in raw resources, particularly hydrocarbons, the Gulf of Guinea is a fertile breeding ground for the industrial powers of the USA and China. The scarcity of oil resources, combined with the prevailing insecurity in the Persian Gulf, has prompted the major oil companies of these two countries to take an interest in this African oil Eldorado, thus placing the Gulf of Guinea at the heart of global geopolitics. How, through the conquests and geopolitical strategies of its two powers, has this region become a strategic zone in international oil geopolitics? Through a documentary analysis, this research proposes a deciphering of the configuration around Africa's oil stakes. It also highlights the renewed interest of the United States and China in the African continent, showing that these two rival powers are increasingly using refined strategies to seduce the hydrocarbon-rich oil states in the Gulf of Guinea in order to secure control and exploitation of the oil.