The monograph presents:- an improved method of conducting monitoring of landslide processes through the use of fiber-optic measuring systems and automation of control of their various parameters; - an algorithm of the device for determining the area of landslide activity under changing geological conditions and increasing the efficiency of the monitoring system and forecasting their development, as well as allowing to remotely change the parameters of the system sensors; - the principle of organization of interconnection and integration of radio-technical elements and modules of the system of monitoring the state of rocks extending the functional capabilities of the state system of prevention and actions in emergency situations on the basis of deformation properties of spectrometric sensors modulating the light intensity of fiber-optic measuring systems;- hardware and software of the device for conducting monitoring of rock conditions, increasing the efficiency of the system by reducing the error of determining the area of landslide activity when geological conditions change on the basis of fiber-optic measuring systems and rock moisture sensors.