This study discusses vocational education and training in Germany in detail. This includes the internationally highly regarded dual apprenticeship system and the many different school-based vocational education and training programs, which also include extensive work-based learning components. In addition, there are the many regional and national continuing vocational training qualifications, the various courses on offer in the so-called transition sector and the hybrid programs that combine vocational education and training on the one hand and higher education on the other hand, e.g. in dual courses of study.This study follows the structure of the International Handbook of Vocational Education and Training series. First, the country-specific context is presented (Chapter 1), followed by an outline of three typical education and training pathways (Chapter 2). This is followed by an overview of the education system (Chapter 3) and a detailed discussion of the different forms of initial and continuing vocational education and training (Chapter 4). Important framework conditions for vocational education and training are then discussed in more detail (Chapter 5). In this chapter, current lines of discourse and key reform approaches are also presented.