This open access book examines the subject of 'contentious governance', a situation in which lower-level governments collaborate with activists to contest policies implemented by other governmental actors. Drawing from three case studies, it introduces the concept and relevance of 'contentious governance', before assessing how it works in action. The book demonstrates that the processes of contentious governance are inherently political and riddled with power struggles, as those involved vie over the interpretation of public interest. As instances of contentious governance become increasingly common, it also proposes a framework through which to better understand its complexities. In doing so, it provides fresh perspectives on numerous classical issues, including the political nature of policy, power dynamics, governance processes, government-citizen relations, and policy conflicts.