This book provides a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies in manufacturing and materials engineering, highlighting both fundamental principles and practical solutions for solving contemporary industrial challenges. The first part presents novel approaches to machining and restoration, focusing on process planning, machinability, and function-oriented technological processes. The second part addresses monitoring methods, strategies for evaluating, and improving quality, covering agile management practices, system diagnostics, and advanced modeling techniques for consistent performance in complex industrial environments. The third part explores surface modification, residual stress evaluation, and alloy treatments that enhance product durability, performance, and sustainability. These contributions demonstrate how material innovations directly support industrial competitiveness and product reliability. In the last part, the book highlights comprehensive computational methods, ranging from cutting dynamics and system stability to predictive modeling and stochastic approaches within Industry 4.0 frameworks. Written by thirty authors from fourteen leading research institutions, higher education organizations, and companies, across five different countries (Germany, Latvia, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, and Ukraine), this book offers extensive information to both researchers and professionals in the broad field of manufacturing.