Diatoms have great significance in the forensic science and its practical application in the field of crime investigation. Death caused by drowning can be scientifically established by investigation of presence of diatoms in the bone marrow of the death person. A large number of diatoms are present in the water bodies all over the globe. The character and types of diatoms changes from place to place. Through the present book a complete and sequential procedure of identification and classification of diatoms present in a water bodies has been experimentally demonstrated for the region of Chhattisgarh state. The basic purpose of writing this book is to present a scientific procedure for analysis of diatoms present in Chhattisgarh state, thus a database of diatoms of the region with its parametric characterization has been created. This data bank will prove to be very useful for forensic cases specially the drowning. Authors wish that this book will serve its purpose by presenting diatom analysis and its forensic application. This database will provide a good platform for new research and new avenue for forensic application and studies of aquatic ecologist.